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A face jug is a jug pottery which depicts a face. Early examples date from the 14th century,.〔 Most famously known vessels come from the North, South Carolina and Georgia regions made by African-american slaves during the mid-1800s.Though the exact purpose of these vessels are unknown, many scholars believe them to be of either practical or spiritual value. Other names associated with African-American face jugs are Grotesque jars, Monkey Jars, or Face jars.〔"Encyclopedia Smithsonian: American Face Vessels." Accessed 13 September 2014. http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmah/facevess.htm.〕 Modern interpretations started appearing in the same regions during the 1940s. The Coventry Herbert Art Gallery and Museum exhibits a rare medieval face jug unearthed beside the site of the local Benedictine priory.〔Goulden, Barbara. ''THE HERBERT REVEALS ALL'' Coventry Telegraph 30 October 2008〕 ==Early Forms== England During the 13th century craftsmen outside of the London area began to become more decorative in their style, creating more anthropomorphic vessels that would characterize Medieval face jugs.〔Spencer, Brian. "Medieval Face-Jug (The London Museum)." The Burlington Magazine 111, no. 794 (1 May 1969): 303–302.〕 In the 1600s full body vessels supposedly modeled after Edward Vernon also known as Admiral Vernon. These pieces became to be known as British Toby Jars.〔N., J. G. "Old English Pottery." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 58, no. 335 (1 February 1931): 98.〕 Africa African Nkisi dolls, native to the Congo, were considered both object and human. These dolls were made with many different materials including clay. They came to America transported through slave trade and are found more commonly in Latin American regions. These vessels are full figured pieces that are characterized by the samee exaggerated human features often seen on African- American face jugs. Many of the rituals associated with Nkisi dolls are often used too either aid or harm a person or living creature that the dolls plays a stand in role for, or they are often used as an extension of a spiritual leader or being that stores spiritual energy.〔Young, Jason R. Rituals of Resistance: African Atlantic Religion in Kongo and the Lowcountry South in the Era of Slavery. LSU Press, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Face jug」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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